{"id":19247,"date":"2019-04-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sugar-land-bible-church.local\/sermon\/the-coming-kingdom-067\/"},"modified":"2019-04-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-04-24T05:00:00","slug":"the-coming-kingdom-067","status":"publish","type":"sermon","link":"https:\/\/slbc.org\/es\/sermon\/the-coming-kingdom-067\/","title":{"rendered":"The Coming Kingdom 067"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","book":[91],"series_event":[470],"sermon_service_type":[474],"speaker":[6],"class_list":["post-19247","sermon","type-sermon","status-publish","hentry","book-1-corinthians","series_event-the-coming-kingdom","sermon_service_type-wednesday-evenings","speaker-dr-andy-woods","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":{"sermon_title":"The Coming Kingdom 067","sermon_date":"20190424","sermon_month":"4","sermon_year":"2019","sermon_notes":6586,"sermon_slides":6587,"sermon_mp3":6588,"sermon_id":"4251905124207","series_or_event":470,"service_type":[474],"speaker":6,"books_of_the_bible":91,"chapter_and_verse":"15:23-28","sermon_transcript":"Dr. Andy Woods\n\nThe Coming Kingdom\n\n4-24-19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 Corinthians 15:23-28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lesson 67\n\nLet\u2019s take our Bibles and open them to 1 Corinthians, chapter 15, and verses 23-28.\u00a0 Let me kind of give you a reminder of what we\u2019re doing.\u00a0 We\u2019re in chapter 19 of the book that I wrote, called The Coming Kingdom.\u00a0 If you didn\u2019t get one please see me afterwards and we want to give a copy to everyone that\u2019s taking this class.\u00a0 And what the book is, is it\u2019s a biblical\u2026 my book is not the important book, the important book is the Bible, but my book sort of topically organizes what the Bible teaches concerning the kingdom.\n\nWhat we\u2019ve taught is that the idea that the kingdom, and we developed this very carefully, Genesis through Revelation, the kingdom was offered to first century Israel, at that point rejected, and at that point postponed.\u00a0 So, the current program of God is wonderful but it doesn\u2019t represent the kingdom; that\u2019s how we taught this.\u00a0 And in the final section of the book we\u2019ll talk about why this issue really is important but for the time being what we\u2019re getting into is if the kingdom is indeed postponed then why do so many people, really going back to the fourth century, believe that we are currently in the kingdom?\u00a0 Well, a lot of it has to do with passages that are taken out of context, so that\u2019s basically what we\u2019re doing, we\u2019re taking these passages that people use and putting them back into context. And I hope in the process that you\u2019re learning beyond just knowledge about the kingdom, it\u2019s basically how to do Bible study because the methodology that we\u2019re using here to come to a right understanding of the kingdom, you know, you could use with any biblical doctrine you research.\n\nSo, we\u2019ve looked at alleged Kingdom Now passages from Christ\u2019s ministry, alleged Kingdom Now passages from the Book of Acts, we spent a lot of time in the Book of Acts.\u00a0 And now we\u2019ve been looking at alleged Kingdom Now passages in the writings of the Apostle Paul.\u00a0 So, the passage that we started last time is 1 Corinthians 15:23-28.\u00a0 Do you all recall that?\n\nBut just by way of review here\u2019s what these verses say.\u00a0 Paul\u2019s talking about resurrection and I love what we\u2019re doing with this right before and after Resurrection Sunday.\u00a0 1 Corinthians 15, as you probably know, is Paul\u2019s resurrection chapter.\u00a0 But he says there in verses 23-28 \u201cBut each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, after that those who are Christ\u2019s at His coming, [24] then comes<\/em> the end, when He hands over the kingdom to the God and Father, when He has abolished all rule and all authority and power. [25] For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet.[<\/strong>26]<\/strong><\/a> The last enemy that will be abolished is death. [27] For HE HAS PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDER HIS FEET. But when He says, \u201cAll things are put in subjection,\u201d it is evident that He is excepted who put all things in subjection to Him. [28] When all things are subjected to Him, then the Son Himself also will be subjected to the One who subjected all things to Him, so that God may be all in all.\u201d\n\nSo before you can really talk about passages are being abused you have to figure out what is the passage saying.\u00a0 And so last week we spent the whole time talking about what this is actually saying.\u00a0 And I don\u2019t want to reteach the whole thing that we did last week, I\u2019ll just kind of give you the fly-by.\u00a0 It says, [23] \u201cBut each in his own order:\u201d and so the idea there is the resurrection program for the righteous is not going to happen all at once.\u00a0 It\u2019s going to happen in phases.\u00a0 So the very first phase is \u201cChrist the first fruits,\u201d that\u2019s a reference to Christ\u2019s bodily resurrection from the dead which we celebrated last week. I think Paul analogizes it to firstfruits because firstfruits in Israel\u2019s harvest cycle guaranteed the rest of the harvest.\u00a0 So, when the firstfruits came in that was kind of a happy time because you knew that the general harvest would come in as well.\n\nAnd so, in the same way Christ\u2019s resurrection guarantees everybody else\u2019s resurrection on this chain that he\u2019s describing.\u00a0 So, Christ is resurrected first, we celebrated that Sunday, and then it says, \u201cthose who are Christ\u2019s at His coming,\u201d now it moves from the first coming of Christ to the second coming of Christ, a distance of at least two thousand years.\u00a0 And he mentions the return of Christ.\u00a0 Now this is not the rapture, the rapture He\u2019s going to begin to deal with in verses 50-58.\u00a0 The rapture is kind of a mystery, a new truth.\u00a0 He\u2019s not dealing with that at this point.\u00a0 He\u2019s talking about the resurrection of the Old Testament saints and tribulation martyrs, non-church age saints.\u00a0 In other words, when Christ returns at the end of the tribulation period.\n\nSo, Christ is raised, then Christ will return in the second advent at the end of the seven-year tribulation period to start His kingdom, which will last a thousand years.\u00a0 And then it talks about \u201cthose who are Christ\u2019s at His coming.\u201d\u00a0 Now that\u2019s the resurrection of non-church age saints, Old Testament saints, people that were believers before the church age started, and tribulation martyrs, people that get saved after the church age ends.\u00a0 So that\u2019s a tremendous resurrection, you\u2019ll find it in Daniel 12:2, Revelation 20:4-5, and it\u2019s a reference there or a record there to those people that are resurrected at that time upon Christ\u2019s second advent.\n\n[Daniel 12:2, \u201cMany of those who sleep in the dust of the ground will awake, these to everlasting life, but others to shame and everlasting contempt.\u201d\u00a0 Revelation 20:4-5, \u201cThen I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. And I saw<\/em> the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. [5] The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were completed. This is the first resurrection.\u201d]\n\nSo if you look at our chart here you\u2019ll see a tribulation period that lasts seven years; you\u2019ll see the second advent of Christ, ask you keep moving to the right you\u2019ll see the thousand year kingdom.\u00a0 And right when that kingdom starts or maybe just before it starts you\u2019ve got that resurrection of Old Testament saints and tribulation martyrs.\u00a0 Then you go to verse 24 and it says, \u201cthen comes<\/em> the end,\u201d the end of what?\u00a0 The end of His thousand-year kingdom.\u00a0 So, what just happened at the end of verse 23 but before you get to verse 24 is a thousand-year gap between the second advent of Christ and the end of the thousand year kingdom.\n\nAnd I tried to show you last week that that interpretation is grammatically workable when you study how Paul uses the same Greek phrases earlier in the chapter.\u00a0 The way he uses the same Greek phrases earlier in the chapter demonstrates there can be a time gap and so I\u2019m thinking that I\u2019m seeing a time gap here at the end of verse 23 into verse 24.\u00a0 So now we\u2019re all of a sudden flashing forward to the very end of the thousand-year millennial kingdom.\u00a0 And then what\u2019s going to happen?\u00a0 The thousand-year kingdom is going to merge into the eternal state; the Son\u2019s kingdom is going to become the Father\u2019s kingdom and it\u2019s sort of you\u2019re moving from Revelation 20, the thousand year kingdom, into Revelation 21 and 22, the eternal state.\n\nWell when that merger happens what will take place?\u00a0 He (that\u2019s Jesus) will hand over the kingdom,\u201d now what kingdom?\u00a0 The kingdom He\u2019s been ruling for a thousand years, \u201cHe will hand over the kingdom to God and Father when He has abolished all rule, authority and power,\u201d that\u2019s what verse 24 is talking about.\u00a0 [1 Corinthians 15:24, \u201cthen comes the end, when He hands over the kingdom to the God and Father, when He has abolished all rule and all authority and power.\u201d]\u00a0 And when that takes place we\u2019re going to have, verse 26, the last enemy that will be abolished is death.\n\nIn other words when this transpires death will become a thing of the past; death, as we\u2019ve talked about, exists in a very limited sense in the thousand-year kingdom.\u00a0 Isaiah 65:20. [Isaiah 65:20, \u201cNo longer will there be in it an infant who lives but a few days, Or an old man who does not live out his days; For the youth will die at the age of one hundred And the one who does not reach the age of one hundred Will be thought accursed.\u201d]\n\nBut once the eternal state kicks in death will be something that\u2019s just in our remembrance and you\u2019ll see a reference to that in Revelation 21:4. [Revelation 21:4, \u201cand He will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any mourning, or crying, or pain; the first things have passed away.\u201d]\n\nVerse 28 says, \u201cWhen all things are subjected to Him, then the Son Himself also will be subjected to the One who subjected all things to Him, so that God may be all in all.\u201d\u00a0 So once the Son takes His kingdom and turns it over to God the Father and the eternal state begins then everything will be in subjection to God the Father.\u00a0 So, Paul\u2019s sort of laying out kind of a chronology here and he\u2019s explaining \u201ceach in his own order.\u201d\n\nThen you go down to verse 25 and it says, [1 Corinthians 15:25] \u201cFor He must reign\u201d and that\u2019s really the debate on this, when is that reigning going to start?\u00a0 Well, if you follow everything that\u2019s been unfolded in these verses what you see is the reigning is actually not going to start until the end of verse 23, we have Christ at His coming.\u201d [Verse 23, \u201cBut each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, after that those who are Christ\u2019s at His coming.\u201d]\n\nSo you have Christ at His coming, second advent, then the reigning starts.\u00a0 Do you follow?\u00a0 Because what people are doing is they\u2019re putting the cart before the horse, as I\u2019ll show you some quotes, they\u2019re putting the reigning before the coming of Christ.\u00a0 And that\u2019s not paying attention to the chronology of the passage.\n\nSo Jesus is going to come back in the second advent, He is going to resurrect Old Testament saints and tribulational martyrs and before He turns His kingdom over to the Father there\u2019s going to be a reign that will last a thousand years.\u00a0 And verse 25 is a description of that reign through the use of a Psalm, he\u2019s quoting there, Psalm 110:1-2.\u00a0 Particularly verse 1 but the last time I checked verse 2 goes with verse 1.\u00a0 Amen.\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cThe LORD says to my Lord: \u2018Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.\u2019\u00a0 [2] The LORD will stretch forth your strong scepter\u201d now where\u2019s this rule going to take place?\u00a0 What does it say, from where? \u201cFrom Zion.\u201d That means Jerusalem, on the earth, \u201csaying,<\/em>\u00a0\u201cRule in the midst of Your enemies.\u201d\u00a0 And so what\u2019s happening in verse 25 is that psalm is being alluded to, describing the earthly reign of Christ subsequent to His second advent.\u00a0 So, it\u2019s at that point in time Jesus will actually rule this world from Jerusalem in fulfillment of Psalm 110:1-2.\n\nIn the meantime, where is Jesus currently?\u00a0 It\u2019s right there in the Psalm, at the \u201cright hand\u201d of the Father.\u00a0 Is He there forever?\u00a0 No, He\u2019s not, because of which word, \u201cuntil.\u201d\u00a0 He\u2019s in a temporary position, certainly of honor and glory, at the Father\u2019s right hand but He\u2019s not there forever.\u00a0 One of these days His enemies will be made His footstool and He will rule from Zion.\u00a0 And that\u2019s what verse 25 is talking about and that\u2019s when Psalm 110:1-2 are going to be fulfilled.\n\nThen as you jump down to verse 27 Paul uses a second psalm to explain this one-thousand-year reign.\u00a0 Verse 27 says, \u201cFor He has put all things in subjection under His feet.\u201d\u00a0 Verse 25 was a citation from Psalm 110; verse 27 in fact if you look at it in your Bible this is the way it reads in the NASB, it\u2019s all in caps, indicating it\u2019s a direct quote.\u00a0 So, in verse 27 what Psalm is he quoting?\u00a0 Anybody know?\u00a0 Psalm 8.\u00a0 You say what\u2019s the big deal about Psalm 8?\u00a0 Everything,\n\nPsalm 8 is huge.\u00a0 Here God says, [Psalm 8:4] \u201cWhat is man that You take thought of him, and the son of man that You care for him?\u00a0 [5] Yet You have made him a little lower than God, and You crown him with glory and majesty!\u00a0 [6] You make him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet<\/u>,\u201d that underlined section there is what Paul is quoting verbatim.\u00a0 So, Psalm 8 really is the story of how God is going to restore everything that was lost in Eden.\u00a0 So, what was the original pattern in Eden?\u00a0 God was going to rule over our forbearers, Adam and Eve, and they were going to govern creation for God.\u00a0 And you\u2019ll see that right there in Genesis 1:26-28, \u201cThen God said, \u201cLet Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.\u201d\u00a0 And then down in verse 28 God tells them again, our forbearers, Adam and Eve, [28] \u201c\u2026 subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.\u201d\n\nSo, this is the design of God from the beginning.\u00a0 God rules over our forbearers and they govern creation for God.\u00a0 \u00a0And when you understand this you understand why Satan took the form of a talking snake in Genesis 3.\u00a0 He\u2019s trying to get them to listen to creation and rebel against God instead of govern it for God.\u00a0 And so, Satan took this design and perverted it.\u00a0 And this is how Satan was able to assert his authority over the earth, which really never was given to him, it was originally given to Adam and Eve.\u00a0 And when Satan twisted this and perverted it he became the unlawful usurper over planet earth.\n\nSo, Psalm 8, when you go back and study it, it\u2019s how the original design is going to be restored.\u00a0\u00a0 God, the next time around, is not going to rule over the first Adam, He\u2019s going to rule over the last Adam.\u00a0 Who would that be?\u00a0 Jesus. God the Father will rule over God the Son; God the Son is going to govern this earth for who?\u00a0 For God!\u00a0 So essentially Psalm 8 is a prediction of how what was lost in Genesis 1 and 2 is going to be restored.\u00a0 And how can that be restored unless God becomes a man.\u00a0 So that\u2019s the reason that Paul, in verse 27, is quoting Psalm 8.\u00a0 And what Paul is saying is from the time period of Christ\u2019s second advent until the time period when the Son will take the kingdoms of this world that He has been governing for a thousand years, and turning them over to God the Father and the millennial kingdom will merge into the eternal state.\u00a0 Until that time comes there\u2019s going to be a thousand-year reign of Christ and during that thousand-year reign of Christ you\u2019re going to have two Psalms fulfilled, Psalm 110:1-2 and Psalm 8:4-6.\n\n[Psalm 110:1-2, \u201cThe LORD said to my Lord: \u201cSit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.\u201d\u00a0 [2] The LORD will extend Your mighty scepter from Zion: \u201cRule in the midst of your enemies.\u201d \u00a0\u00a0Psalm 8:4-6, \u201cWhat is man that You take thought of him, and the son of man that You care for him?\u00a0 [5] Yet You have made him a little lower than God, and You crown him with glory and majesty!\u00a0 [6] You make him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet,\u201d]\n\nSo far so good?\u00a0 And then what\u2019s going to happen?\u00a0 Well, it says in verse 27, when he says \u201call things are put under subjection\u201d it is evident that He is accepted who put all things in subjection to Him.\u00a0 And what does that mean?\u00a0 It means when these psalms were fulfilled and Jesus is ruling this planet everything is going to be under His authority except who?\u00a0 God the Father, who granted Christ the authority to begin with.\u00a0 So He\u2019s going to rule over everything except God the Father.\u00a0 And that\u2019s what verse 27 is speaking of.\u00a0 [1 Corinthians 15:27, \u201cFor He has put all things in subjection under His feet.\u201d]\n\nAnd then once this era of kingdom authority is asserted, once it reaches its conclusion the He (that\u2019s Jesus) will hand over the kingdom to the God and Father when He has abolished all rule, all authority and all power.\u00a0 And at that point, verse 26, death will become a thing of the past and all things will be subjected to God the Father, including God the Son.\n\nSo, I hope I didn\u2019t confuse you on that, it\u2019s one of the most interesting (to my mind) paragraphs in the whole Bible describing the future.\u00a0 And what\u2019s the bottom line to the whole thing?\u00a0 When you study this chronology very carefully what you\u2019re going to see is that reign is not going to start until Jesus Christ comes back.\u00a0 That\u2019s what this \u201cafter that then\u201d construction is talking about.\u00a0 So the reign that starts to get described down in verse 25 and verse 27 what Paul is saying is don\u2019t expect it until Jesus returns at His second advent at the end of the tribulation period.\n\nSo, this is one of the reasons why we at Sugar Land Bible Church are what you call premillennial.\u00a0 You say what in the world does that mean?\u00a0 Premillennial is related to when Christ returns relative \u00a0\u00a0to the kingdom.\u00a0 \u201cPre\u201d means He comes back before the kingdom; now if I were a postmillennialist I would say that He comes back when?\u00a0 After the kingdom. But that\u2019s not what the chronology of the passage reveals.\u00a0 In other words, we\u2019re not expecting the kingdom, we\u2019re not expecting the reign of Christ that\u2019s described here, we\u2019re not expecting the fulfillment of Psalm 110, or Psalm 8, until Jesus returns and rules this world for a thousand years.\u00a0 So that is what the passage means.\u00a0 You guys all with me so far.\u00a0 That\u2019s a lot of information to take in on a Wednesday evening.\n\nNow let\u2019s talk about how this passage has been perverted by Kingdom Now theologians.\u00a0 Here is a citation from Craig Blaising, who is one of the progenitors of the new movement at Dallas Seminary called progressive dispensationalism where they\u2019re basically teaching that the reign of Christ is something that\u2019s happening now in an already sense.\n\nAnd notice what Craig Blaising says.\u00a0 He says, \u201cAn intermediate kingdom<\/u>\u201d not that\u2019s important because they believe in what\u2019s already not yet, we\u2019re in the kingdom now in part but the complete picture won\u2019t come till later whereas our view is the kingdom is completely and totally future.\u00a0 He says, \u201cAn intermediate kingdom,<\/u>\u201d the already part of it, \u201cmay be implied from Paul\u2019s delineation of the historical stages of the resurrection in\u201d our paragraph, \u201c1 Corinthians 15:20\u201328. In verses 23\u201324, Paul marks off three stages of resurrection: Christ the first fruits, after that those who are Christ\u2019s at His coming, then comes the end\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 The reign of Christ which precedes the final and everlasting revelation of the eschatological kingdom covers whatever time elapses between the second and third stages of resurrection.\u201d Well what does he mean by that?\u00a0 Here\u2019s the key point.\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cThat reign may in fact extend back to the first stage, that of Christ\u2019s resurrection<\/u>,\u201d see what he\u2019s basically arguing here is the reign of Christ started with the resurrection of Christ.\u00a0 And then he says \u201csince we have seen that Paul repeatedly speaks of Christ\u2019s present reign<\/u> using the language of Psalm 110:1 (which language is also used here in 1 Corinthians 15:25).\u201d\n\nSo, what he\u2019s saying is when Paul gets to the subject of the reign, \u201cHe must reign until\u201d his point is that reign actually started with the first coming of Christ.\u00a0 And that\u2019s not at all the way we taught it; we\u2019ve said that the reign of Christ is very clear that it begins when?\u00a0\u00a0 With the second advent of Christ.\u00a0 \u201cFor He must reign until He has put all enemies under His feet.\u201d\u00a0 That\u2019s the battle there.\u00a0 Does that reign start with the first coming of Christ or with the second coming of Christ?\u00a0 Verse 27, \u201cFor HE HAS PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDER HIS FEET,\u201d does that start with the first coming of Christ or the second coming of Christ.\u00a0 We\u2019ve tried to say it starts with the second coming of Christ; they\u2019re saying it starts with the first coming of Christ.\u00a0 But you at least see what they\u2019re trying to do.\n\nSo, having said all that what are the three major problems with what Kingdom Now theologians are doing with this passage.\u00a0 I just wanted to share with you three major problems with what is transpiring.\n\nNumber one, the Parameter\u2019s of Christ\u2019s reign should be defined by\u201d what?\u00a0 Any guesses?\u00a0 \u201cthe context, in other words, I don\u2019t think I\u2019m free to just come into verse 25 and verse 27 and interpret those any way I want to interpret them when prior verses I\u2019ve already given the parameter.\u00a0 Do you follow?\u00a0 Because in the prior verses we have a parameter, don\u2019t we?\u00a0 \u201cFor He must reign until He has put all things under His feet,\u201d verse 27, \u201cFor He has put all things in subjection under His feet,\u201d when is that going to occur?\u00a0 Well, when you back up to verse 23 and 24 it tells you, \u201cafter that those who are Christ\u2019s at His coming.\u00a0 [24] \u201cthen comes the end,\u201d or the end of the kingdom, it\u2019s very clear that the kingdom is not going to start until after Jesus bodily returns, see that in verses 23 and 24?\u00a0 So, since that\u2019s the case why in the world would I think I can go to verse 25 and verse 27 and start the reign of Christ wherever I want to start it?\u00a0 What I think he\u2019s doing is he\u2019s just using his own theology to absorb what the text actually says.\u00a0 So, it\u2019s like he\u2019s coming at the text with this Kingdom Now mentality already and he\u2019s trying to make the text fit his theology, pre-existing theology, rather than getting his theology from the text.\u00a0 See the difference?\n\nSo whatever views you hold on anything you should get it from the actual biblical text and the problem with us, as stubborn sinful people, Yours truly included in that, I have the same sin nature everybody else has, is we come to the Bible with certain ideas of how things ought to be and the great temptation is to try to make the Bible fit our preexisting world view or our preexisting theology when in reality it ought to be the opposite. Right?\u00a0 We ought to come to the Bible with a humble and a teachable spirit and if I don\u2019t have a Kingdom Now understanding of these passages then maybe I ought to correct my Kingdom Now understanding rather than force the Bible into my preconceived framework.\u00a0 Are you with me on that?\n\nSo I think that\u2019s what the first problem with Craig Blaising and his interpretation of these verses; he\u2019s really not paying attention to the parameters that have already been established in verses 23 and 24 concerning when the reigning of verse 25 and verse 27 is supposed to start.\u00a0 [1 Corinthians 15:25, \u201cHe has abolished all rule and all authority and power,\u201d [27] \u201cFor HE HAS PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDER HIS FEET. But when He says, \"All things are put in subjection,\" it is evident that He is excepted who put all things in subjection to Him.\u201d]\n\nThe second major problem, I think, with what Craig Blaising is doing here is he is abusing Psalm 110:1-2 and Psalm 8:4-6.\u00a0 [Psalm 110:1-2, \u201cThe LORD says to my Lord: \u201cSit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.\u201d \u00a0\u00a0[2] The LORD will stretch forth Your strong scepter from Zion, saying,<\/em> \u201cRule in the midst of Your enemies.\u201d \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Psalm 8:4-6, \u201cWhat is man that You take thought of him, and the son of man that You care for him?\u00a0 [5] Yet You have made him a little lower than God, and You crown him with glory and majesty!\u00a0 [6] You make him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet.\u201d]\n\nWhy?\u00a0 Because as we\u2019ve developed those two Psalms are not talking about some kind of distant rule or Christ from heaven but rather they\u2019re talking very clearly about Christ\u2019s reign on this earth.\u00a0 And you see what\u2019s happening when Blaising forces verse 25 and verse 27 into the present he\u2019s basically taking Psalm 110 and Psalm 8 which Paul quotes here out of context because when you actually go back and read and study Psalm 110 and Psalm 8, as we\u2019ve been looking at, it\u2019s very clear these are not talking about Jesus reigning from some distant place in heaven.\u00a0 This is what progressive dispensationalism believes, they think Jesus is in heaven now reigning from David\u2019s throne.\u00a0 That\u2019s not what Psalm 8 and that\u2019s not what Psalm 110 are talking about; they\u2019re talking about His direct (not indirect) His direct earthly reign on planet earth.\n\nVerse 25 is a citation from Psalm 110, \u201cFor He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet,\u201d where is that reign going to be executed according to Psalm 110?\u00a0 From where?\u00a0 Verse 2, Zion, not heaven, Zion which is Jerusalem.\u00a0 I was just in Jerusalem a week, two, what was it, three, four weeks ago, a month ago, whenever it was, I guess longer than that, I\u2019m doing a series on my trip and that series has gone seven weeks so I had to have been there beyond seven weeks ago, but whenever I was there I can guarantee you that place is about as godless as any place on planet earth.\u00a0 It\u2019s a wonderful place to visit, it\u2019s a wonderful place to see all of the artifacts and geography concerning the Bible but they have their gay rights parades just like we have here.\u00a0 And I can guarantee you that Jesus was not in Jerusalem reigning from David\u2019s throne.\u00a0 The nation of Israel, although I love the nation of Israel, are currently in a state of unbelief.\u00a0 They are primarily an atheistic nation and that\u2019s not going to be the case when Psalm 110 is fulfilled because he is going to be ruling in the midst of His enemies from Zion; that is not happening now.\u00a0 Unless you don\u2019t mind changing the meaning of Psalm 110:1-2 which is what the Craig Blaising interpretation here is doing.\n\nAlso in verse 27 is a citation of Psalm 8. \u00a0Psalm 8, you\u2019ll recall that we just talked about is about the restoration of what?\u00a0 What was lost where, in Genesis 1?\u00a0 Where was Adam and Eve prior to sin, where were they, what were they ruling in Genesis 1?\u00a0 They were on this earth reigning over it!\u00a0 That\u2019s what was lost.\u00a0 If Psalm 8 is a restoration of what was lost how can Jesus\u2019 absence, where He\u2019s not reigning on this earth but is in heaven, how can someone say that Psalm 8 is being fulfilled right now in any sense?\u00a0 That\u2019s a complete impossibility; you have to wrench Psalm 8 totally from its original context to make that fit your theology.\u00a0 So when Psalm 8 is fulfilled God the Father is going to rule over the last Adam, Jesus Christ is going to rule this world not somewhere in heaven but this world for God, exactly what God had originally bequeathed or given to Adam and Eve.\u00a0 So very clearly Psalm 8 is not being fulfilled today, Psalm 110 is not being fulfilled today unless you want to wrench those verses from their original context.\n\nNow Michael Vlach, a writer whose very good on this subject, let me quote him a little bit here.\u00a0 He basically says what I just said and maybe better yet, I said what he already said.\u00a0 He says, \u201cWith 15:25 Paul says, \u201cHe must reign until He has put all his enemies under His feet\u201d (25). The \u201cmust\u201d means it is necessary that Jesus reigns. Paul\u2019s wording in verse 25 is a reference to Psalm 110:1\u20132, which states:\u00a0\u201cThe\u00a0Lord\u00a0says to my Lord:\u00a0\u2018Sit at My right hand\u00a0until I make\u00a0Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.\u2019 The\u00a0Lord\u00a0will stretch forth Your strong scepter from Zion,\u00a0saying,\u00a0\u2018Rule in the midst of Your enemies.\u2019\u201d The allusion to Psalm 110:1\u20132 is evidence that the \u201creign\u201d of Jesus is a future earthly reign. The context of Psalm 110 is David\u2019s Lord, the Messiah, sitting at the right hand of God for a session\u201d that\u2019s how to understand what Jesus is doing now, it\u2019s the present session of Christ where He\u2019s functioning not as King but as High Priest after the order of Melchizedek.\u00a0 That\u2019s the proper understanding of what Jesus is doing, not confusing it with the Davidic reign which is what progressive dispensationalism is doing.\u00a0 \u201cSitting at the right hand of God for a session in heaven \u201cuntil\u201d, a very important verse, \u201cuntil He begins His earthly reign over His enemies from \u201cZion\u201d in Jerusalem.\u201d\u00a0 [Michael J. Vlach, Premillennialism: Why There Must Be a Future Earthly Kingdom of Jesus<\/em> (Los Angeles, CA: Theological Studies, 2015), 99-101.]\n\nIn reference to Psalm 110:1, the author of Hebrews says that Jesus is \u201cwaiting\u201d at the right hand of the Father (see Hebrews 10:12\u201313). When the heavenly session from the Father\u2019s throne is over, God installs His Messiah on earth to reign over it from Jerusalem. From our current historical perspective, Jesus is currently at the right hand of God the Father but this will be followed by a reign upon the earth. Thus, Jesus \u201cmust\u201d reign from earth because Psalm 110 says this must happen. . .. Jesus the Son and Messiah must have a sustained reign in\u201d watch this, \u201cin the realm where the first Adam\u201d what? \u201cfailed.\u201d\u00a0 \u00a0[Michael J. Vlach, Premillennialism: Why There Must Be a Future Earthly Kingdom of Jesus<\/em> (Los Angeles, CA: Theological Studies, 2015), 99-101.]\n\nThat\u2019s Psalm 8, that\u2019s what Psalm 8 is talking about.\u00a0 Jesus has to succeed where the first Adam failed.\u00a0 The first Adam failed where?\u00a0 Up on Mars somewhere?\u00a0 No, on this earth!\u00a0 And so that\u2019s why there has to be a point in human history where what was lost gets restored.\u00a0 Do you follow that?\n\nThese Psalms we kind of just rush through them but these Psalms are just absolutely rich particularly Psalm 8, in communicating that point.\u00a0 With verse 27 Paul quotes Psalm 8, where \u201cHe has put all things in subjection under His feet.\u201d [1 Corinthians 15:27, \u201cFor HE HAS PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDER HIS FEET. But when He says, \u201cAll things are put in subjection,\u201d it is evident that He is excepted who put all things in subjection to Him.\u2019\u201d\u00a0 Psalm 8:10, \u201cYou make him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet.\u201d ]\n\nThe use of Psalm 8 is further evidence that Paul is thinking of a future earthly reign of Jesus.\u00a0 Psalm 8 explains and expands upon Genesis 1:26-28 which is a description of what our forbearers had before sin entered the picture.\u00a0 [Genesis 1:26-28, \u201cThen God said, \u201cLet Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.\u201d [27] God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. [28] God blessed them; and God said to them, \u201cBe fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.\u201d]\n\nAnd it\u2019s true that God created man to rule successfully over the earth.\u00a0 The last Adam,\u00a0 Jesus, must succeed from and over the realm where the first Adam failed, the earth.\u00a0 The last Adam\u2019s destiny is not to rule from heaven in a spiritual kingdom.\u00a0 He is to rule from and over the earth just like the first Adam was supposed to do.\u00a0 But unlike Adam Jesus will succeed; that\u2019s what Psalm 8 is about.\n\n[Psalm 8, \u201cO LORD, our Lord, How majestic is Your name in all the earth, who have displayed Your splendor above the heavens!\u00a0 [2] From the mouth of infants and nursing babes You have established strength because of Your adversaries, to make the enemy and the revengeful cease.\u00a0 [3] When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, the moon and the stars, which You have ordained;\u00a0 [4] What is man that You take thought of him, and the son of man that You care for him?\u00a0 [5] Yet You have made him a little lower than God, and You crown him with glory and majesty!\u00a0 [6] You make him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet, [7] All sheep and oxen, and also the beasts of the field, [8] The birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, whatever passes through the paths of the seas.\u00a0 [9] O LORD, our Lord, How majestic is Your name in all the earth!\u201d]\n\nThose who place Jesus\u2019 kingdom reign in this age from heaven over the spiritual kingdom,\u201d this is what Craig Blaising is doing, \u201care not giving justice to an important part of God\u2019s kingdom program\u2014which is for man to reign over the earth as God originally tasked him to do. Jesus as the ultimate Man and representative of mankind will fulfill this task. A spiritual reign from heaven does not complete what God requires in Genesis 1:26\u201328 and Psalm 8. God expects a successful reign over the earth and Jesus the Son will accomplish this task. Then He will hand the kingdom over to the Father.\u201d\u00a0 [Michael J. Vlach, Premillennialism: Why There Must Be a Future Earthly Kingdom of Jesus<\/em> (Los Angeles, CA: Theological Studies, 2015), 99-101.]\n\nThen what will happen?\u00a0 Look at the last sentence, after a thousand years, now it doesn\u2019t say a thousand years in 1 Corinthians 15, I get the thousand year figure from Revelation 20, After that successful reign which the Book of Revelation tells us will last a thousand years in which Psalm\u00a0 8 and Psalm 110 will be literally fulfilled, once Jesus succeeds then the last Adam succeeds where the first Adam failed.\u00a0 Then He\u2019s going to take His kingdom at the end and turn it over to who? God the Father, and the Son\u2019s kingdom will become the Father\u2019s kingdom, the millennial kingdom will merge into the eternal state.\u00a0 Revelation 20 will become Revelation 21 and22 and then death will become what?\u00a0\u00a0 A thing of the past.\n\nSo, what is the problem with this idea that Jesus is reigning today from verse 25 and verse 27 of \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01 Corinthians 15? \u00a0[1 Corinthians 15:25, \u201cFor He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet.\u201d [27] For HE HAS PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDER HIS FEET.\u201d]\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0A, it ignores the concept of the passage because the prior verses tell you when the reign starts.\u00a0 Number two, it\u2019s taking the Psalms that will be fulfilled in Christ\u2019s millennial reign and twisting them beyond their original meaning, because those Psalms are very clear that they will be fulfilled on the earth\u00a0 And then there\u2019s one other third thing that the Craig Blaising interpretation is doing, and let me give you this one very quickly, it\u2019s ignoring the rest of the book because the rest of the book, when it talks about the kingdom always puts it in the what?\u00a0 Not the present tense but what?\u00a0 The future.\n\nThis is something to understand even if your mind is numb and you don\u2019t really understand what \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I\u2019m talking with the kingdom at least take away this principle from tonight: If you come up with an interpretation of something in the Bible, a verse, or a chapter and that interpretation is out of harmony with the rest of the book, if that interpretation is out of harmony with what the rest of the book reveals on a certain topic then you might want to ask the Lord if you\u2019ve got the right interpretation because the Bible, particularly within the same book, everything has to internally correlate with each other because God can\u2019t lie.\n\nSo many times, in my Christian life, I\u2019ve come up with an interpretation of something that I can\u2019t find any other Scriptural support for it when the Scripture comments on that same issue.\u00a0 And I have to be humble as a Bible reader and say well, you know, maybe I don\u2019t have this right, and go back to prayer and humble study and you ask the Lord for correction because you see, the Bible is inerrant.\u00a0 My interpretations of it are not necessarily inerrant because I\u2019m just a fallen creature like everybody else and I can make mistakes.\n\nSo we are always in this process of growth that we\u2019re in, this process of progressive sanctification, always having to go back to the Word and the Lord is constantly adjusting our eyesight, our vision.\u00a0 It\u2019s like going to the optometrist or ophthalmologist, whatever they call them where they have you look at that chart, can you see the E, usually you can see the E because it\u2019s the big thing at the top of the chart, and they go down, can you see this, can you see that, and you get down to about the fourth row which you used to be able to look at and you can\u2019t see the fourth row any more so they take your prescription and they start to adjust it.\u00a0 That\u2019s kind of the process that we\u2019re all in with progressive sanctification.\u00a0 We\u2019re always having our views refined on things because the Bible is inerrant but my interpretation of it may not necessarily be right.\u00a0 So, if I\u2019ve got a view of something that doesn\u2019t fit with the rest of the book then that\u2019s kind of a clue that I need a new prescription, right?\n\nSo the third problem with what Blaising is doing here is he\u2019s ignoring (in my opinion) everything the rest of 1 Corinthians reveals about the coming kingdom.\u00a0 Go back to 1 Corinthians 4:5, chapter 4 comes before chapter 15, right?\u00a0 So far so good?\u00a0 So whatever I\u2019m doing with chapter 15 has to line up with chapter 4. So what does chapter 4 reveal about the kingdom?\u00a0 Paul says, \u201cTherefore do not go on passing judgment before the time, but wait<\/em> until the Lord comes who will both bring to light the things hidden in the darkness and disclose the motives of men\u2019s<\/em> hearts; and then each man\u2019s praise will come to him from God.\u201d\u00a0 [1 Corinthians 4:5]\n\nThat\u2019s talking about a future coming of Christ where He\u2019s going to disclose the motives of people\u2019s hearts.\u00a0 Is that taking place right now?\u00a0 What do you think?\u00a0 That\u2019s taking place in the future; that\u2019s talking about something that\u2019s going to take place in the future kingdom and it\u2019s very clear that that\u2019s not going to happen.\u00a0 Look at verse 5, \u201cuntil the Lord\u201d what? \u201ccomes.\u201d\n\nNow notice what the Corinthians were doing.\u00a0\u00a0 Paul sarcastically says to them in verse 8, \u201cYou are already filled, you have already become rich, you have become kings without us; and indeed, I<\/em> wish that you had become kings so that we also might reign with you.\u201d\u00a0 You know, us lowly apostles.\u00a0 They were basically acting like kingdom now theologians, the Corinthians, acting like they were already reigning, acting like they were already in the kingdom, acting like they were already rich.\u00a0 And what does Paul do when they begin to talk that way?\u00a0 He sarcastically rebukes them because it\u2019s quite obvious Paul says that you\u2019re not in the kingdom, the kingdom is future.\n\nAnd then we go to chapter 6 of 1 Corinthians, now chapter 6 comes before chapter 15, right.\u00a0\u00a0 Do you follow what I\u2019m doing here?\u00a0 Is the Bible study method a logical principle?\u00a0 I\u2019m not just going to 1 Corinthians 15 and coming up with some interpretation, I\u2019m making sure that interpretation of the kingdom is in harmony with what earlier chapters of the same book, by the same author, reveal about the kingdom.\n\nWhat does Paul say about the kingdom in 1 Corinthians 6:2, \u201cOr do you now know that the saints will judge the world?\u00a0 If the world is judged by you, are you not competent to<\/em> constitute<\/em> the smallest law courts? [3] Do you not know that we\u201d what\u2019s the next word? \u201cwill\u201d future, right, \u201cwill judge angels? How much more matters of this life?\u201d\u00a0 Paul says you can\u2019t figure out little squabbles amongst yourselves, don\u2019t you know who you are?\u00a0 Don\u2019t you know who your identity is?\u00a0 Don\u2019t you know that we will judge the angels?\u00a0 Now are we judging angels today?\u00a0 Has anybody judged an angel this week?\u00a0 [Laughter] I mean, this is obviously something future.\n\nMichael Vlach again says, \u201cAs shown the grammar of 1 Corinthians 15:20-28 indicates a future reign of Jesus after His second coming to the earth. Yet the context of 1 Corinthians also strengthens this understanding. Paul viewed the kingdom reign as future in 1 Corinthians 4 and 1 Corinthians 6.\u201d\u00a0 That\u2019s what I just showed you.\u00a0 \u201cWith 1 Corinthians 4:8 he chided the Corinthians for thinking they were already reigning when they were not.\u00a0 There Paul said \u201cI wish that you had become kings so that we also might reign with you\u201d. And in 1 Corinthian 6:2\u20133 he stated that the kingdom reign of the saints involves judging angels, something that clearly was not happening in the present. So even before we arrive at 1 Corinthians 15 Paul already indicated that the kingdom is future.\u201d\u00a0 [Michael J. Vlach, Premillennialism: Why There Must Be a Future Earthly Kingdom of Jesus<\/em> (Los Angeles, CA: Theological Studies, 2015), 103.]\n\nNow if I\u2019m coming up with an interpretation of verse 25 and verse 27 that says His reign is now that\u2019s out of harmony with what chapter 6 says and chapter 4 says, then it\u2019s time to rethink my interpretation of those verses.\u00a0 That\u2019s Michael Vlach\u2019s point.\n\n\u201cAs 1 Corinthians 4:8 and 6:2\u20133 reveal, a close connection exists between the kingdom reign of Messiah and the reign of those who belong to Messiah. So if Paul clearly places the kingdom reign of the saints in the future (which he does) in 1 Corinthians 4:8 and 1 Corinthians 6:2\u20133, this makes it likely that the kingdom of the Son described in 1 Corinthians 15:20\u201328 is future as well. What Paul revealed earlier in 1 Corinthians helps inform what he is claiming later. Hence, both grammar and context indicate a futuristic understanding of Jesus\u2019 reign in\u00a01 Corinthians 15.\u201d [Michael J. Vlach, Premillennialism: Why There Must Be a Future Earthly Kingdom of Jesus<\/em> (Los Angeles, CA: Theological Studies, 2015), 103.]\n\nWhen you go to 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 it says, \u201cOr\u00a0do you not know that the unrighteous\u201d what\u2019s the next word, \u201cwill,\u201d future right, \u201cnot\u00a0inherit the kingdom<\/u> of God?\u00a0Do not be deceived;\u00a0neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor\u00a0effeminate, nor homosexuals,\u00a0[10] \u00a0nor thieves, nor\u00a0the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers,\u201d what\u2019s the next word, \u201cwill\u00a0inherit the kingdom<\/u> of God.\u201d\u00a0 What he\u2019s saying there is don\u2019t act like unbelievers because the unbelievers aren\u2019t getting in.\u00a0 In so teaching he\u2019s putting the kingdom in the future.\n\nHow about verse 50 of 1 Corinthians 15.\u00a0 \u201cNow I say this, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.\u201d\u00a0 See, this is why we need to be changed; \u201cwe will not all sleep, but we will be changed.\u201d\u00a0 [1 Corinthians 15:51, \u201cBehold, I tell you a mystery; we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed.\u201d]\u00a0 And I think that should be on our nursery wall of the church.\u00a0 We will not all sleep but we will be changed.\u00a0\u00a0 See the young mothers here in the front got the joke, everybody else is\u2026 is it 8:00 yet?\u00a0\u00a0 Laughter.\n\nSo very clearly, I have to have a resurrected body before I enter the kingdom.\u00a0 Now am I in a resurrected body now?\u00a0 You guys have really hurt my feelings, I don\u2019t look resurrected to you?\u00a0 Maybe in my 20\u2019s I did.\u00a0 Well, turnabout is fair play, you guys don\u2019t look all that resurrected either. So the reality of the situation is if I have to have a resurrected body to enter the kingdom and I\u2019m not in a resurrected body yet then the kingdom is future.\u00a0 See, you\u2019re going to come up with a present kingdom in verse 25 and verse 27, yet just a few verses later, verse 50 it talks about a future kingdom?\u00a0 That\u2019s such a contradictory interpretation of the Bible.\n\nAnd so what I\u2019m trying to show you is how to look at things in context but also in terms of the big picture of the book.\u00a0 Here\u2019s one of the mistakes people make when they interpret the Bible: they get very myopic, and they micromanage Greek words to such a point that they study the names on the leaves of the trees so intently that they forget what the forest looks like.\u00a0 Has that ever happened to anybody?\u00a0 I know I\u2019ve been that way, I get so into some little detail that I forget the big picture.\n\nAre the details important?\u00a0 Yes!\u00a0 Should you micromanage Greek words?\u00a0 Yes!\u00a0 We believe in verbal plenary inspiration where the Bible is inspired to the smallest stroke of the pen.\u00a0 You can do all of that but at the same time don\u2019t lose sight of the forest.\u00a0 Do you follow?\u00a0 So even if you don\u2019t even get what I\u2019m talking about here about the kingdom at least you\u2019re picking up a basic Bible study method.\u00a0 You have to become a student of the details that you\u2019re working with but as you\u2019re working in those details you have to sort of be able to step back and see the big picture of something.\u00a0 And what you\u2019ll discover is people are either big picture people or they\u2019re little detail people when I think God is calling us to be both.\u00a0 Amen!\u00a0 And that\u2019s how you protect yourself from coming up with aberrant unbiblical ideas.\n\nSo, verse 25 and verse 27 are being used today to teach that Jesus is now reigning.\u00a0 Why is that a problem?\u00a0 It ignores the parameters of Christ\u2019s reign, which are defined a few verses later in the immediate context.\u00a0 That\u2019s the first problem.\u00a0 In other words, verses 23 and 24 give you the parameters of the reign of Christ as explained in verse 25 and verse 27.\n\nCraig Blaising is just looking at verse 25 and 27, he\u2019s not paying attention to verse23 and 24 which gives the parameters of the reign, which is after Jesus returns.\n\nNumber 2, he\u2019s taking the verses that Paul uses to describe Christ\u2019s reign, two Psalms, both deal with the earthly reign of Christ, and he\u2019s twisting those psalms beyond what they\u2019re saying, and he\u2019s making it sound like those psalms can rally be understood as some kind of distant reign of Jesus from heaven when as we\u2019ve tried to explain both of those psalms are dealing with a direct<\/u> reign of Jesus on the earth.\n\nAnd then number 3, Craig Blaising is not paying attention to the whole context of 1 Corinthians in which every time that book talks about the kingdom it always places it where?\u00a0 Future!\u00a0 And in fact, Paul dogpiles on the Corinthians in chapter 4 and verse 8 for thinking that they\u2019re in the kingdom.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [1 Corinthians 4:8, \u201cYou are already filled, you have already become rich, you have become kings without us; and indeed, I wish that you had become kings so that we also might reign with you.\u201d]\u00a0 If Paul is going to get on their case for thinking they\u2019re in the kingdom in verse 8 why would I come up with an interpretation of 1 Corinthians 15:25 and verse 27 which says we\u2019re in the kingdom now?\n\nAnyway, those are the three major problems with what they\u2019re doing with 1 Corinthians 15\n\nSo next week or the next time I\u2019m with you Romans 14:17 we\u2019ll be looking at which says, \u201cfor the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.\u201d\u00a0 Kingdom now theologians love that verse because it uses the present tense \u201cis\u201d making it seem like the kingdom is here and then after all, the kingdom is not eating or drinking, so all you people that think there\u2019s going to be some kind of earthly reign, forget all that, it\u2019s all spiritual.\u00a0 It\u2019s all happening in your heart right now.\u00a0 And when you look at that verse it kind of reads that way, doesn\u2019t it?\u00a0 But a text without a context is a proof text or a pretext to support a pre-existing theology.\u00a0 And so we\u2019ll deal with that next time.","series_sermon_number":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t